Excel UDF

This page is still a work in progress.

The Excel UDF offers functions to control and manipulate Microsoft Excel workbooks.
This page describes the Excel UDF that comes with AutoIt 3.3.12.0 or later.

Features

New versions of Microsoft Office have been released since the last changes were made to the Excel UDF. The new extensions (e.g. xlsx) were not (fully) supported, new functions were missing etc. The current version of the Excel UDF lifts this limitations.

• Works with as many instances of Excel as you like - not just one
• Works with any Workbook - not just the active one
• Works with any Worksheet - not just the active one
• Only does what you tell it to do - no implicit "actions"
• Only one function to read from a cell or a range
• Only one function to write a string, a 1D or 2D array to a cell or a range
• Support for every file format Excel supports
• Speed enhancements when transferring data from/to an Excel sheet (20 - 100 times faster)

Concepts

Area

The Areas collection contains one Range object for each discrete, contiguous range of cells within the selection.

Range

A Range is a rectangular block made of one or more cells that Excel treats as a unit. The functions of the UDF mainly work with ranges. A range - unlike a selection - is not visible on the screen.
Examples how to define special ranges can be found here.

Cell reference

The UDF only supports the A1 form (example: "B7") to reference cells. The R1C1 form (example "R7C2") is not supported. But the UDF provides functions to translate a cell reference between this two forms.
You can reference cells by name as well.

Examples

• Single cell: "B7"
• Multiple cells: "A1:B7"
• Row(s): "2" or "3:5"
• Column(s): "B" or "D:F"
• Name: "TestRange"

Filter

The Excel Autofilter allows you to view specific rows in an Excel spreadsheet, while hiding the other rows in the worksheet based on various criteria.
Details and example scripts how to work with filters can be found here.

Date and Time

Excel stores date and time as a number representing the number of days since 1900-Jan-0, plus a fractional portion of a 24 hour day: ddddd.tttttt .
This is called serial date-time.

When you enter a time without a date value (e.g. 15:00) the date portion is a zero. This indicates that there is no date associated with the time and does not automatically put in the current date.

Date

The integer portion of the number represents the number of days since 1900-Jan-0. For example, the date 19-Jan-2000 is stored as 36,544.
Actually, this number is one greater than the actual number of days. Why can be found here.

Time

The fractional portion of the number represents the fractional portion of a 24 hour day. For example, 6:00 AM is stored as 0.25,

Features not covered by the UDF

The UDF only covers basic user needs. Single line functions (like switching to another sheet) or functions with too many parameters (like formatting a cell or range) are not covered by this UDF. You need to use the Excel COM yourself.
I will give a few examples here. The rest can be found on MSDN.

Format a range

Alignment

; Horizontal alignment
; Enumeration for Excel 2010: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff840772%28v=office.14%29.aspx
$oRange.HorizontalAlignment = $XlHAlign ; Can be xlCenter, xlDistributed, xlJustify, xlLeft or xlRight of the XlHAlign enumeration.

; Vertical alignment
; Enumeration for Excel 2010: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff835305%28v=office.14%29.aspx
$oRange.VerticalAlignment = $XlVAlign ; Can be xlBottom, xlCenter, xlDistributed, xlJustify or xlTop of the XlVAlign enumeration.

Background

See

Border

...

Color

...

Font

Bold etc.

True if the font is bold. Read/write.

$oRange.Font.Bold = True

This works similar for Italic, Strikethrough, Subscript, Superscript and Underline.

Color, ColorIndex

Color: Returns or sets the primary color of the object. Use the RGB function to create a color value.
ColorIndex: Returns or sets a variant value that represents the color of the font. The color is specified as an index value into the current color palette.

Object	Color
Border	The color of the border.
Borders	The color of all four borders of a range. If they're not all the same color, Color returns 0 (zero).
Font	The color of the font.
Interior	The cell shading color or the drawing object fill color.
Tab	The color of the tab.

$oRange.Font.Color = 5 ; Set the color of the font
$oRange.Borders.ColorIndex = 5 ; Set the color of all four borders

Name

Returns or sets a variant value that represents the name of the font.

$oRange.Font.Name = "Arial"

Size

Returns or sets the size of the font specified in units of points.

$oRange.Font.Size = 12

Underline

Returns or sets the type of underline applied to the font. Can be one of the XlUnderlineStyle constants xlUnderlineStyleNone, xlUnderlineStyleSingle, xlUnderlineStyleDouble, xlUnderlineStyleSingleAccounting or xlUnderlineStyleDoubleAccounting. Read/write.

$oRange.Font.Underline = $xlUnderlineStyleSingle

Height/Width

...

Number Format

Returns or sets a variant value that represents the format code for the object.
This property returns Null if all cells in the specified range don't have the same number format.
The format code is the same string as the Format Codes option in the Format Cells dialog box. The Format function uses different format code strings than do the NumberFormat and NumberFormatLocal properties.
A number format consists of up to 4 items, separated by semicolons. Each of the items is an individual number format. The first by default applies to positive numbers, the second to negative numbers, the third to zeros, and the fourth to text.
A very good description of format codes can be found here.

Format code	Description
@	Format as string
General	Default format
0000	Format number with 4 digits, add leading zeroes where needed
[Blue]$#,##0;[Red]$#,##0;$#,##0	Format positive numbers in blue, negative in red and 0 in default color (black). The numbers are prefixed with the dollar sign and a thousands separator is inserted. The numbers are displayed as integers. Available colors are [Black], [Blue], [Cyan], [Green], [Magenta], [Red], [White], and [Yellow].
[Blue][>=3000]$#,##0;[Red][<0]$#,##0;$#,##0	Format values >= 3000 in blue, values < 0 in read and all other numbers in default color (black).
0" feet"	append a label to the number

$oRange.NumberFormat = "General"

Script breaking changes after AutoIt version 3.3.10.2.

New versions of Microsoft Office have been released since the last changes were made to the Excel UDF. New file types and new functions needed to be supported, hence the UDF was complete rewritten.

Some functions/parameters have been removed or renamed, new functions/parameters have been added. A detailed list of changes can be found here.

General

All function names have been changed from _Excel* to _Excel_*.

@extended no longer contains the number of the invalid parameter. The code returned in @error tells exactly what went wrong.

The following list shows the old/new function/parameter name (a "-" is shown if the function/parameter has been removed) and some example scripts how to mimic the behaviour of the "old" UDF. If there is no entry for a removed function/parameter then there is no need for this functionality.

Function -/_Excel_Open

It's mandatory now to call function _Excel_Open before any other function. This function didn't exist in the old UDF. @extended is set if Excel was already running.

Function _ExcelFontSetProperties/-

There are so many formatting functions in Excel that they can't be covered by a few functions. The function only contained a single line of code. So it was removed. Use the code examples above to format a range.

Function _ExcelHorizontalAlignSet/-

There are so many formatting functions in Excel that they can't be covered by a few functions. The function only contained a single line of code. So it was removed. Use the code examples above to format a range.

Function _ExcelSheetActivate/-

The function only contained a single line of code. So it was removed. Replace the function with the following code:

$oWorkbook.Sheets(x).Activate ; x can be the number or name of the sheet to be activated

Function _ExcelSheetNameGet/-

The function only contained a single line of code. So it was removed. Replace the function with the following code:

$sSheetName = $oSheet.Name

Function _ExcelSheetNameSet/-

The function only contained a single line of code. So it was removed. Replace the function with the following code:

$oSheet.Name = "Name of the sheet"

Compare example scripts

In this section I will show how some selected example scripts taken from AutoIt 3.3.8.1 should look like with the new Excel UDF.
To enhance readability error checking statements have been omitted.
But I highly recommend to check for errors after each call of a _Excel_* function.

AutoIt 3.3.8.1	AutoIt 3.3.12.0 and later
_ExcelBookAttach	_Excel_BookAttach
#include <Excel.au3> Local $sFilePath = @TempDir & "\Temp.xls" _ExcelBookOpen($sFilePath) Local $oExcel = _ExcelBookAttach($sFilePath)	#include <Excel.au3> Local $sWorkbook = @TempDir & "\Temp.xls" Local $oExcel = _Excel_Open() Local $oWorkbook = _Excel_BookOpen($oExcel, $sWorkbook) $oWorkbook = _Excel_BookAttach($sWorkbook)
_ExcelBookClose	_Excel_BookClose
#include <Excel.au3> Local $oExcel = _ExcelBookNew() _ExcelBookClose($oExcel)	#include <Excel.au3> Local $oExcel = _Excel_Open() Local $oWorkbook = _Excel_BookNew($oExcel) _Excel_BookClose($oWorkbook, False)
_ExcelBookNew	_Excel_BookNew
#include <Excel.au3> Local $oExcel = _ExcelBookNew()	#include <Excel.au3> Local $oExcel = _Excel_Open() Local $oWorkbook = _Excel_BookNew($oExcel, 2)
_ExcelBookOpen	_Excel_BookOpen
#include <Excel.au3> Local $sFilePath1 = @ScriptDir & "\Test.xls" Local $oExcel = _ExcelBookOpen($sFilePath1)	#include <Excel.au3> Local $oExcel = _Excel_Open() Local $sWorkbook = @ScriptDir & "\Test.xlsx" Local $oWorkbook = _Excel_BookOpen($oExcel, $sWorkbook, Default, Default, True)

Miscellaneous

Transpose limits

Functions _Excel_RangeWrite, _Excel_RangeRead and _Excel_RangeCopyPaste use the Excel method transpose. This method has an undocumented limit based on the Excel version you run. Details about Excel up to version 2000 can be found here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/177991

Excel 95   - 5461 cells
Excel 97   - 5461 cells
Excel 2000 - 5461 cells
Excel 2002 - 65536 rows (tested by kylomas with an [65537][2] array)
Excel 2003 - 65536 rows (because Excel 2002 and Excel 2010 have the same limit)
Excel 2007 - 65536 rows (because Excel 2002 and Excel 2010 have the same limit)
Excel 2010 - 65536 rows (tested myself with an [65537][1] array)
Excel 2013 - ?

Furthermore the transpose method has a cell size limit of 255 chracters.

Depending on the Excel version you get or do not get an error for both limitations. When the transpose method fails use the internal _ArrayTranspose method by setting parameter $bForceFunc to True for functions _Excel_RangeRead and _ExcelRangeWrite..