ADO Internals: Difference between revisions
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= ADO collections = | = ADO collections = | ||
; Fields | ; [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms676603(v=vs.85).aspx Fields] | ||
: This collection contains a set of Field objects. The Collection can be used in either a Recordset object or in a Record object. In a Recordset object, each of the Field objects that make up the Fields collection corresponds to a column in that Record set object. In a Record object, a Field can be an absolute or relative URL that points into a tree-structured namespace (used for semi-structured data providers like the Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Internet Publishing) or as a reference to the default Stream object associated with that Record object. | : This collection contains a set of Field objects. The Collection can be used in either a Recordset object or in a Record object. In a Recordset object, each of the Field objects that make up the Fields collection corresponds to a column in that Record set object. In a Record object, a Field can be an absolute or relative URL that points into a tree-structured namespace (used for semi-structured data providers like the Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Internet Publishing) or as a reference to the default Stream object associated with that Record object. | ||
; Properties | ; [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675257(v=vs.85).aspx Properties] | ||
: An object can have more than one Property object, which are contained in the object's Properties collection. | : An object can have more than one Property object, which are contained in the object's Properties collection. | ||
; Parameters | ; [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675869(v=vs.85).aspx Parameters] | ||
: A Command object can have several Parameter commands to change its predefined behaviour, and each of the Parameter objects are contained in the Command object's Parameters collection. | : A Command object can have several Parameter commands to change its predefined behaviour, and each of the Parameter objects are contained in the Command object's Parameters collection. | ||
; Errors | ; [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675299(v=vs.85).aspx Errors] | ||
: All provider-created errors are passed to a collection of Error objects, while the Errors collection itself is contained in a Connection object. When an ADO operation creates an error, the collection is cleared and a new group of Error objects is created in the collection. | : All provider-created errors are passed to a collection of Error objects, while the Errors collection itself is contained in a Connection object. When an ADO operation creates an error, the collection is cleared and a new group of Error objects is created in the collection. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
: When an OLE DB provider error occurs during the use of ADO, an Error object will be created in the Errors collection. Other errors do not go into an Error object, however. For instance, any errors that occur when manipulating data in a RecordSet or Field object are stored in a Status property. | : When an OLE DB provider error occurs during the use of ADO, an Error object will be created in the Errors collection. Other errors do not go into an Error object, however. For instance, any errors that occur when manipulating data in a RecordSet or Field object are stored in a Status property. | ||
= ADO events = | |||
The [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms681467%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ADO event model] supports certain synchronous and asynchronous ADO operations that issue events, or notifications, before the operation starts or after it completes. An event is actually a call to an event-handler routine that you define in your application. | |||
If you provide handler functions or procedures for the group of events that occur before the operation starts, you can examine or modify the parameters that were passed to the operation. Because it has not been executed yet, you can either cancel the operation or allow it to complete. | |||
The events that occur after an operation completes are especially important if you use ADO asynchronously. For example, an application that starts an asynchronous Recordset.Open operation is notified by an execution complete event when the operation concludes. | |||
Using the ADO event model adds some overhead to your application but provides far more flexibility than other methods of dealing with asynchronous operations, such as monitoring the State property of an object with a loop. | |||
[[Category:ADO]] | [[Category:ADO]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:16, 29 February 2016
ADO is made up of four collections and twelve objects.
ADO collections
- Fields
- This collection contains a set of Field objects. The Collection can be used in either a Recordset object or in a Record object. In a Recordset object, each of the Field objects that make up the Fields collection corresponds to a column in that Record set object. In a Record object, a Field can be an absolute or relative URL that points into a tree-structured namespace (used for semi-structured data providers like the Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Internet Publishing) or as a reference to the default Stream object associated with that Record object.
- Properties
- An object can have more than one Property object, which are contained in the object's Properties collection.
- Parameters
- A Command object can have several Parameter commands to change its predefined behaviour, and each of the Parameter objects are contained in the Command object's Parameters collection.
- Errors
- All provider-created errors are passed to a collection of Error objects, while the Errors collection itself is contained in a Connection object. When an ADO operation creates an error, the collection is cleared and a new group of Error objects is created in the collection.
ADO objects
- Connection
- The connection object is ADO's connection to a data store via OLE DB. The connection object stores information about the session and provides methods of connecting to the data store. As some data stores have different methods of establishing a connection, some methods may not be supported in the connection object for particular OLE DB providers. A connection object connects to the data store using its 'Open' method with a connection string which specifies the connection as a list of key value pairs (for example: "Provider='SQLOLEDB';Data Source='TheSqlServer'; Initial Catalog='Northwind';Integrated Security='SSPI';"). The start of which must identify the type of data store connection that the connection object requires:
- an OLE DB provider (for example SQLOLEDB), using the syntax "provider=";
- a file name, using the syntax "file name=";
- a remote provider and server (see RDS), using the syntax "Remote provider=" and "Remote server="; or
- an absolute URL, using the syntax "URL="
- Command
- After the connection object establishes a session to the data source, instructions are sent to the data provider via the command object. The command object can send SQL queries directly to the provider through the use of the CommandText property, send a parameterised query or stored procedure through the use of a Parameter object or Parameters collection or run a query and return the results to a dataset object via the Execute method. There are several other methods that can be used in the Command object relating to other objects, such as the Stream, RecordSet or Connection objects.
- Recordset
- A recordset is a group of records, and can either come from a base table or as the result of a query to the table. The RecordSet object contains a Fields collection and a Properties collection. The Fields collection is a set of Field objects, which are the corresponding columns in the table. The Properties collection is a set of Property objects, which defines a particular functionality of an OLE DB provider. The RecordSet has numerous methods and properties for examining the data that exists within it. Records can be updated in the recordset by changing the values in the record and then calling on the Update or UpdateBatch method.
- Transaction
- If the OLE DB provider allows it, transactions can be used. To start the transaction, the programmer invokes the BeginTrans method and does the required updates. When they are all done, the programmer invokes the CommitTrans method. RollbackTrans can be invoked to cancel any changes made inside the transaction and rollback the database to the state before the transaction began.
- Record
- This object represents one record in the database and contains a fields collection. A RecordSet consists of a collection of Record objects.
- Stream
- A stream, mainly used in a RecordSet object, is a means of reading and writing a stream of bytes. It is mostly used to save a recordset in an XML format, to send commands to an OLE DB provider as an alternative to the CommandText object and to contain the contents of a binary or text file.
- Parameter
- A parameter is a means of altering the behaviour of a common piece of functionality, for instance a stored procedure might have different parameters passed to it depending on what needs to be done; these are called parameterised commands.
- Field
- Each Record object contains many fields, and a RecordSet object has a corresponding Field object also. The RecordSet object's Field object corresponds to a column in the database table that it references.
- Property
- This object is specific to the OLE DB provider and defines an ability that the provider has implemented. A property object can be either a built-in property — it is a well-defined property implemented by ADO already and thus cannot be altered — or can be a dynamic property — defined by the underlying data provider and can be changed.
- Error
- When an OLE DB provider error occurs during the use of ADO, an Error object will be created in the Errors collection. Other errors do not go into an Error object, however. For instance, any errors that occur when manipulating data in a RecordSet or Field object are stored in a Status property.
ADO events
The ADO event model supports certain synchronous and asynchronous ADO operations that issue events, or notifications, before the operation starts or after it completes. An event is actually a call to an event-handler routine that you define in your application.
If you provide handler functions or procedures for the group of events that occur before the operation starts, you can examine or modify the parameters that were passed to the operation. Because it has not been executed yet, you can either cancel the operation or allow it to complete.
The events that occur after an operation completes are especially important if you use ADO asynchronously. For example, an application that starts an asynchronous Recordset.Open operation is notified by an execution complete event when the operation concludes.
Using the ADO event model adds some overhead to your application but provides far more flexibility than other methods of dealing with asynchronous operations, such as monitoring the State property of an object with a loop.